Feature Kinship: Grandparents by Parent’s Sex
In the region, there are two types of grandparent terms: a) those that make a two-way differentiation based on the sex of the referent, and b) those that make a four-way differentiation based on the sex of the referent as well as the sex of the anchor’s parent. The latter is the positive value of this feature. Such four-way differentiation is exemplified by Pothwari in (1).
(1) Pothwari [phr] (Indo-Aryan)
| a. | daːda | ‘father’s father’ (PHR-Kin-UA:013) |
| b. | daːdi | ‘father’s mother’ (PHR-Kin-UA:014) |
| c. | naːna | ‘mother’s father’ (PHR-Kin-UA:015) |
| d. | naːni | ‘mother’s mother’ (PHR-Kin-UA:016) |
A language making a two-way differentiation (i.e. showing a negative value for this feature) is e.g. Kohistani Shina, as shown in (2).
(2) Kohistani Shina [plk] (Indo-Aryan)
| a. | daːdu | ‘father’s father, mother’s father’ (PLK-Kin-RK:013, 015) |
| b. | dadi | ‘father’s mother, mother’s mother’ (PLK-Kin-RK:014, 016) |
Differentiating grandparents by one’s parent’s sex is a minority pattern and is only found in a few of the Indo-Aryan languages spoken in the south.
Values
 |
present | 11 |
 |
absent | 43 |
 |
indeterminate | 5 |
| Language | Value | Category | |
|---|---|---|---|